The #1770 mummy is a roughly 2160 year old specimen
with a 1000 year error in it's wrappings. Similarly,
the Shroud of Turin is potentially 1968 years old, but
carbon dates as a 700 year old cloth (1).
For this discussion, assume both the mummy and the
shroud have the same error mode: excess build up
of bacteria and fungus on the cloth fibers over the
approximate 2000 year span of time (1).
So assuming the shroud really is from 30 AD, you can
calculate a "similar" error to then see how many years
the shroud can potentially be off if bacteria and
fungus is the dominant error mode:
Assumed shroud age = 1998 AD - 30 AD
= 1968 years
Potential C-14
shroud age error = (Shroud age)/(mummy age)*(mummy age error)
= 1968/2160*1000
= 911 years
Then recalculate the shroud "estimated age" given the carbon
dating results and the potential "shroud age error" from
a similar bacteria and fungus build up as seen on mummies:
Shroud "est age" = shroud C-14 age + shroud age error
= 700 + 911
= 1611 years old
That places the shroud at around 387 AD given a similar
mummy wrapping error due to bacteria and fungus build up.
So what's the final error compared to 30 AD?
Assumed shroud age (from above) = 1968 years
% final dating error = 100%*(1968 - 1611)/1968
= 18%
That means the bacteria and fungus would have to grow
only about 18% faster on the shroud verses that seen
on the #1770 mummy to modify the carbon dating enough
to make a 30 AD shroud date incorrectly to 1300 AD
in the 1988 test.
And this is NOT some "wild error" since the shroud was
in UNKNOWN storage and handling, often out in the open
over its 2000 year history.
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And the effect GETS WORSE the older the cloth is and
the FINER the linen is to start with.
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Joseph of Aramethea was a RICH man and bought EXPENSIVE
linen to wrap Jesus in, and expensive cloths have finer
threads used to make them.
It is NOT out of the question for that shroud to be
from 30 AD as 18% is not all that big an error to
expect in bacteria and fungus growth when compared
to mummies stored in controlled environments (tombs).
God made it all, Jesus died for our sins.
(1) University of Texas Article
Note: The above information was written by John P. Boatwright and is freely given. The information is simply my opinion based on how I perceive the content discussed. Anyone reading such should use their own judgement as to whether or not the information has any value to them. You may copy portions of the above opinions as long as a reference to this page is included and no text within said portion is altered. If copied to another medium other than the internet, include the entire text. The above content may change over time.
Best wishes.